Kachin Ngu Ai Mying hte Wunpawng Amyu

Wunpawng amyu sha ni (shing nrai) Jinghpaw amyu ni hpe Kachin ngu nna chye na wa ai lam hpe gawn yu ra wa sai. Masha law law wa gawn dan ma ti mung, nye a matu atsawm nchye na lu ai majaw kaja wa ngai nan mung gawn mayu wa ni ai. Sasana sara Tegenfeldt tsun ai gaw, Kachin ngu ai ga hpe maigan amyu (Sinna) masha ni tsun shamying ai re nga ai. Hpu nau Myen amyu ni gaw Kachin ngu ai hpe grai ka mayu ai amyu ni re majaw 'Ka Chin' ngu ai re nga nna Ma Khin Mya a (The Impact of Traditional Culture and Environmental Forces on Development of Kachins ngu ai Ph.D Dissertation, 1961 Maryland Dakkasu) kaw ka da ai ai.  Ndai hpe Dr. Kha Lum mung Kachin Review kaw 'ka mayu ai amyu' ngu bai htawng madun da wu ai sha n ga, Duwa Maran Zau Awng a article hta mung Kachinnet kaw 'Kachin ngu ai gara kaw nna byin pru wa ai kun? nang chye nni' ngu ai ga baw hte mying nchye ai English du wa shamying ai re nga nna bai ka da wu ai. Sasana labau hku bai gawn yu yang (Eugenio Kincaid) shamying ai re ngu ai hku bai gawn ma ai. Dai hpe sara kaba Lahpai Zau Tu gaw

Wunpawng amyu yawng hpe tsun ai re bai ngu wu ai.
Kachin ngu ai hta amyu sha kru hpe gawng malai hku tsun ai hku yawng chye na ga ai, dai hku mung mai byin ai, shing nrai, Jinghpaw bum nga masha hpe sha tsun ai ngu mung sawn la mai na re. Raitim, Wunpawng amyu ngu ai hta lawm ai ni gaw Kachin amyu ni re ngu yang shut na lam nau nnga na hpe gawn yu lu nngai.

Sasana labau hpe nhtang yu dat ai shaloi, Kakhyens ngu ai amyu ni a lam hpe 1837 kaw nna English hku tsun shamying nhtawm mungkan de ndau dat hkrum saga ai re. Dai majaw, Kachin ngu ai ga pru wa na ginjang gaw Kakhyens ngu ai ga nga nga taw sai hpe Kincaid hte rau bai gawn yu mayu nngai.

Myen mung a sasana sara Adoniram Judson hte rau Rangoon kaw Sasana galaw nga ai Eugenio Kincaid gaw 1833 ning hta Myen amyu marai masum hpe hkalup hkam ya lu hkra hkaw tsun sakse hkam wu ai a majaw, mying pru ai Sasana sara tai wa sai. Shi hku nna Rangoon (Yangon), Prome (Pyay), Moulmein hte Akyab (Rakhaing)kaw sha nrai lahta Myen mung de lung mayu ai myit ni mung paw pru wa lu ai. Dai majaw Ava (Innwa) de 1833 ning April hta du hkra lung wa sai. Ava du ai hpang lahta Myen mung Bhamo de na Miwa hte Sam hpaga la ni hpe hkrum ai shaloi, Bhamo de du hkra sa du nna Miwa lamu ga hkran de du hkra Sasana maden mat wa na hpe sharawng nga wu ai. Dai sha nrai, Ava kaw Myen hkawhkam hpe sa jahkrum ai Jinghpaw du lahkawng hte mung hkrum wu ai. Dai yan gaw Hugawng Pa de na Jinghpaw Duwa Daihpa Gam hte Assam de na Jinghpaw Duwa Pisa Gam yan rai ma ai. Ndai Duwa yan gaw Hugawng pa India ga jarit mayan na Assam hte Myen manghkang hpe hparan na matu Myen hkawhkam hpang de kasa sa du ai yan rai nga ma ai. Shan lahkawng Ava du ai shaloi, Kincaid shte mung hkurm ai majaw Assam hte India de matut ai Sasana galaw na bai myit hkawn wa nu ai.

1837, January 27 hta Kincaid gaw Ava kaw nna Indian masha mali hte Myen amyu sha marai manga lawm let Bhamo de rawt sa wa nhtawm February 10 hta du ma ai. Ndai hkrun lam hte matut manoi, Hugawng maga de myi man shayawn let htinggaw masum tsa ram nga nna, (dai ten hta Sam amyu ni up ai) Mogaung de mung du wa ma ai. KBC labau hta Kahkyen ngu ai gaw (Ga Hkyeng) Mogaung manap gat sa ai Jinghpaw amyu Ga Hkyeng ni rai ga ai, ngu ai kaw na Ka Hkyens ni ngu shamying hkrum sai ngu nna ka matsing da ma ai. Kincaid a myit hta ndai Ka Hkyens ni gaw lawu ga e hkrum yu sai Karen amyu ni hte grai bung ai sat lawat ni hpe mu nhtawm, Sasana galaw mayu ai myit ni pru wa lu ai majaw, American Baptist Foreign Mission de lawu na ga si lawm ai laika ka wu ai. Dai gaw, 'in the distant highlands are multitutes of Kakhyens, a people who from time to time immemorial have resisted idolatry. What a field this is for the evangelist! What man, who feels for his fellowman, would not like to gird on the armor of God, and labour for the establishment of Christ's kingdom here? (Tegenfeldt 1973,82).

Lahta na laika hpe yu ai shaloi, Ka Khyens gaw Ga Hkyeng ni ngu ai lachyum nau ndan dawng nga ai. Shi hku nna Bhamo de du yang mu ai ni hte Mogaung e du yang mu ai ni maren sha re majaw gumhpawn nna tsun ai lam mai byin lu ai. Ndai mabyin hte nshai ai sha, John Anderson (Bristish mung maden du 1867) a (Mandalay-Bhamo) hkrun lam report laika hta mung, "throughout the valley of the upper Irawady above Bhamo, but with the Kakhyen hills interposing their stratum of hill tribes between them and their brotheren of the Chinese states, the Shan element predominates, though contending with the wider Singphos to the west of the valley" ngu nna mu mada wu ai. Sasana sara Ola Hanson du wa ai shaloi, ndai Ka Khyens ni gaw kadai ni rai ngu bai gawn dat nu ai. Hanson shi nan mung ndai Kachin ngu ai lam hpe grai myit shang sha let nhti nhtang gawn nhtawm lawu na hku tsun shaleng wu ai. Sara Hanson gaw Kachin ngu ai ga hpe kadai shamying nna kaning ngu ai lachyum re hpe Jinghpaw ni nchye na ma ai ngu nna hpang nu ai. Ola Hanson hku nna gaw gara hku sawk mu wu ai hpe bai yu yu ga.

Kachin gaw lahta Myen mung Mogaung, Bhamoo, lahta Sam mung hte hka hku, Hugawng pa mayan e nga ai amyu masha ni hta law malawng sat lawat bung ai ni hpe gumhpawn nna shamying ai re hpe gawn yu lu wu ai. Raitim ndai amyu ni hta shaga ai ga nsen tsaw nem hte shai ai hku matut mahkai tsun shaga ai hpe mung mu wu ai. Raitim, yawng hte gaw labau ginju rum nna hkai hkrat wa ai Wa HKyet wa Singgawng kaw na yu hkrat wa ai ni re hpe n gup aga hte tsun htawn hkrat wa ai labau tsun hkai ai hta mu lu wu ai. Wa Hkyet kaw na pra hkrat wa ai ni gaw lawu na hte maren rai nga ai.

Gam- Marip wa Kumja Magam

Naw- Lahtaw wa Naw Lawn

La- Lahpai wa Daina La or (La Tsan)

Tu- Trsit wa Tu Hkum

Tang- Maran wa Ningshawng

Yaw- Nhkum hpan amyu

Hka- Lahtaw hka shu hka sha

Kying- Maran amyu hpan ni rai ma ai. Raitim, Wa Hkyet wa gaw madu jan masum lu ai re majaw Shawng na madu jan gaw Magawng Kabang Majan rai nna Gumsa amyu ni hpe shaprat nhtawm, hpang na madu jan gaw Gumlau ni hpe shaprat ai nga nna mung mau mwi amyu myu hkai ma ai. Dai majaw ndai Kakhyens ni hta gumsa hte gumlau hpe pawng dan mayu nga wu ai. (Gumlau hte Gumsa a lam hpe hpang na ga baw hta bai matut na)

Lam maga mi hku bai yu ai shaloi, Ka-Khyens ngu ai ga hpe Miwa hte Sam ni jawm tsun shamying ai kaw na byin wa ai re lam lawu na hku sawk tam da wu ai. Tai ga shaga ai amyu hpe Shan (Sam), Braginyaw ga shaga ai amyu hpe Karen (Kayin), Jinghpaw or Dumhpaw or Chyinghpaw ga shaga ai ni hpe Kachin ngu ai hpe gawn yu wu ai. Sam hte Palaung ni gaw Jinghpaw ni hpe 'Hkang' ngu tsun nna, Jinghpaw ni mung Chin ni hpe Hkang ngu bai htawt tsun lang ma ai. Miwa ni bai rai jang Jinghpaw ni hpe Ye Jein (masha shazai) ngu tsun shamying ma ai. Dai ga hpe nan Jinghpaw ni rai jang Yawyin ngu bai nsen shapraw nna Lishaw (Lisu) ni hpe shaga mu ai. Dai majaw Jinghpaw ni hpe (Hkang) ngu yang mung nre, Ye Jein ngu yang mung nre, anhte gaw Jinghpaw she re ngu nna nga nga ai amyu rai nga ai. Ndai ga hpe Sam hte Miwa, myen ni jawm tsun ai gaw Hkang-Jein ngu tsun lang taw nga sai rai nga ai. Hkang-Jein ngu tsun ai hpe Jinghpaw nkau mi grau nna Sam hte kanawn ai ni gaw shanhte na shanhte Hkang-Jein ngu tsun shamying nga sai. Kincaid gaw lawu ga na lung wa ai re majaw mung, Miwa hte Sam hpaga la ni hte grau hkau kanawn wu ai majaw mung ndai masha ni kaw na Hkang-Jein or Ka-Khyens ngu ai ga nsen hpe na la sai lam ang nga ai. Mogaung e hkrum ai Jinghpaw ni gaw anhte Ga Hkyeng ni rai ga ai ngu yang ngu na, Khang-Jein amyu ni rai ga ai ngu yang ngu na sai. Dai majaw Ga Hkyeng or Ka Khyen ngu nna Sasana sara Kincaid garai ndu ai kawn tsun shamying nga sai hpe gawn yu lu wu ai.

Dai majaw Sam ga Hkang hte Miwa ga Jein ngu ai hpe Hkang Jein ngu nna bumga mayan e nga ai masha ni hpe galoi kaw nna tsun nga sai hpe gaw kadai nlu gawn shi nga ai. English ni a prat du wa ai shaloi, Hkang Jein or Hka Hkyen or Ka Khyen or Ka Chin ngu ai byin wa sai. Raitim, Myen amyu sha ni gaw (Kha-Chin)  hkri hte Hka or (Ka-Chin) ngu ai nsen hte lachyum bai htai nna Ma Khin Mya gaw ka mayu ai amyu hpe shamying ai re nga ai de du wa sai. Lachyum madung gaw bum nga masha shazai ni Hkang-Jein ni ngu ai sha rai nga ai.

Ndai mabyin ni a shawng daw hta, Myen amyu ni hte mung grai wa htinglu htinglai kanawn ai lam nnga ai majaw Kachin amyu ngu tsun ai ga mi nmu lu na re. Dai majaw, Myen ga hku nna Kachin ngu ai hpe kaga mi (ka mayu ai amyu) ngu gale lang na lam mi nnga nga ai. Sasana sara Kincaid e tsun ai Kakhyens (Ga Hkyeng) ni ngu ai mung shi hku nna gyin shalat ai or Ga Hkyeng ni hte hkrum nna Ka Hkyen amyu ngu na lam mung nau wa njaw shi nga ai. Jinghpaw ngu ai hta Wunpawng amyu yawng lawm ai Kachin ni (or) bum nga masha shazai ni ngu yang ndai prat hta nau wa mi nhtap htuk nga ai. Jinghpaw ngu ai ga langai chyu mung (Masha) ngu ai sha rai nna kaga alak mi Marip, Lahtaw, Lahpai ngu ai hte Maru, Lashi, Tsi ga shaga ai amyu ni hpe tsun ai mung nmai byin nga ai. Dai majaw Kachin ngu yang Wunpawng amyu yawng lawm sai ngu tsun na yak tim, ndai prat hta Kachin ngu ai gaw Jinghpaw ni or Wunpawng amyu ni ngu tsun lang ra wa sai. Dai nrai yang, bum nga masha shazai ni ngu ai hta lai nna kaga mi gawn yu lu na lam nau nnga nga ai. Antropology hku bai gawn yang chyawm gaw ndai masha shazai ni gaw Mongo-Tibetan kaw na yu hkrat wa ai Tibeto-Burman de bai gale du wa na re.

Wunpawng amyu ngu ai hta gaw Gumsa hte Gumlau (Wa Hkyet Singgawng a madu jan Magawng Kabang Majan) kaw na prat pra ai ni re ngu nna lawu na hku bai garan nhtawm hkap la da ai lam Jinghpaw ni a lam hpe madung tawn sagawn ai Antropologist E.R. Leach bai sang lang da wu ai.

1. Kachin - Wunpawng Jinghpaw ngu ai hta hpan lahkawng lawm ai. Gumlau hte Gumsa, Du hte Darat Daroi.

A. Du Leng- Gumlau

B. Tsasen- Gumsa hte Gumlau

C. Gauri- Gumsa

2. Atsi (Zi- Zaiwa) Gumsa hta lawm nna Maru-Lhovo hte Jinghpaw a lapran ga shaga ai.

3. Maru (Lhovo) Nkau mi Gumsa, nkau mi Gumlau

4. Lashi (Lachid) Law malawng Gumlau

5. Nung (Hka-nung) Gumlau

6. Lisu or Lishaw (Yaw Yin)- nlu gawn shi ai.

Sawk yu lu na lam gaw:

1. Guide to the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society records,

    1813-1961

Collection Number: 4424

Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections

Cornell University Library, American Baptist Missionary correspondence, 1829-1900

Eugenio Kincaid, 1830-1856 Box 2 Folder FM-22; Box 3 Folder FM-23 

2. Hanson,O. The Kachins: their customs and Tradition, (Rangoon: American Baptist Mission Press,1913),    p.13-14.
3. Leach, E.R. Political System of Highland Burma, (London: Bell, 1954),p.56-59. 

4.Anderson, John. Mandalay to Momien: a narrative of the two expeditions to western China of 1868-1875, (Culcutta: Macmillan,1876),p.285.